Foundations9 min
What Cryptocurrency Is—and What a Ledger Actually Records
A first-principles guide to digital assets, shared ledgers and the difference between an account balance and a transferable cryptographic claim.
Learning library
Crypto basics: build a durable vocabulary.
A sequenced crypto-basics education path for readers who want to understand technology, records and risk language before following daily developments.
Start with the ledger
Understand records, signatures, networks and finality before comparing assets.
Protect control
Learn how keys, recovery material and custody structures change responsibility.
Read market context
Use definitions, timestamps and freshness states to interpret database snapshots.
Core explainers
Foundations section
Technology10 min
EIP-7979 Draft Gains a Reference Implementation and Fixtures
Ethereum execution-specs opened an EIP-7979 implementation with 44 tests producing 130 fixtures. The Core EIP remains Draft, with opcode values, gas costs, merge, and activation unresolved.
Security8 min
How Public and Private Keys Work Together
The key pair behind wallet addresses, transaction signatures and secure control—explained without assuming a technical background.
Technology8 min
Blockchain Finality: When a Transaction Becomes Durable
Why an included transaction may still need confirmations, and how probabilistic and deterministic finality differ.
Markets9 min
Market Capitalization, Volume and Liquidity Explained
Three widely used measures answer different questions. This explainer shows where each helps—and where it can mislead.
Foundations9 min
Custody Models: Self-Custody, Service Custody and Shared Control
A neutral comparison of who controls signing authority, how recovery works and which operational risks remain.
Glossary desk
Browse every termB
Blockchain
An ordered ledger in which validated records are grouped and linked through cryptographic methods.
FFinality
The point at which a network treats a transaction or state as durable under its consensus rules.
LLayer 2
A system that processes selected activity away from a base network while using it for defined security or settlement functions.
LLiquidity
The capacity of a market to absorb transactions with limited price impact under observed conditions.
MMarket capitalization
A calculated value commonly produced by multiplying a reference price by circulating supply.
PPrivate key
Secret cryptographic input used to create signatures that authorize actions.